PD Dr. Martina
Penke
Anschrift/Address:
Arbeits-
und Forschungsschwerpunkte / Research Interests [english
version]
I.
Erforschung
von Sprach- und Sprachentwicklungsstörungen
Deskriptive und theoretische
Charakterisierung erhaltener und gestörter sprachlicher Leistungen
sprachgestörter Sprecher insbesondere in den sprachlichen
Phänomenbereichen:
a. Flexionsmorphologie (Subjekt-Verb-Kongruenz,
Nominalflexion, Partizipflexion)
b. Syntax (Verbstellung und -bewegung, Frage- und
Nebensätze, Nominalphrasen)
c. Morphophonologie
Untersuchte Störungsbilder:
Broca-Aphasie, Morbus Parkinson, Williams Syndrom.
Untersuchungen
zum Erwerb von Phonologie,
Morphologie und Syntax, zur Interaktion von Morphologie und Syntax
sowie zur
Interaktion von Phonologie und Morphologie bei monolingual
deutschsprachigen
Kindern.
III.
Untersuchung
von Fragestellungen aus dem Bereich der
theoretischen Linguistik mit den Methoden der Neurolinguistik und
Psycholinguistik
a. Untersuchungen
zur mentalen Repräsentation
regulär und irregulär flektierter Formen,
zur Struktur und Organisation von Affixeinträgen im Mentalen Lexikon sowie zur
Interaktion von Phonologie und Morphologie:
-
Studien
an
Broca-Aphasikern, Patienten mit Morbus Parkinson, Jugendlichen mit
Williams
Syndrom
-
EKP-Studien
-
Reaktionszeitexperimente
b. EKP-Studien
und Reaktionszeitexperimente
zur deutschen Verbstellung
c. in
Kooperation mit Dr. Dr. Peter Indefrey (MPI
für Psycholinguistik sowie Donders Center, Nijmegen) Untersuchungen zur Wortsemantik des
Deutschen und zur
neuronalen Lokalisation semantischer Merkmale mittels
Reaktionszeitexperimenten
und bildgebenden Verfahren (PET, fMRT).
IV. Computer-Modellierung
In Zusammenarbeit mit Dr. Gert Westermann
(Oxford Brookes University) Simulation von Spracherwerb und
Sprachstörungen im
Bereich der Partizipflexion und der nominalen Pluralflexion des
Deutschen in
konnektionistischen neuronalen Netzen.
[zurück]
Titel der Habilitationsschrift: "Flexion
im mentalen Lexikon: eine neuro- und psycholinguistische
Perspektive"
seit
März 1999:
wissenschaftliche
Assistentin (C1) am Institut für Sprache und Information,
Abteilung Allgemeine
Sprachwissenschaft (ISI)
der Universität Düsseldorf
1997-2002:
Leiterin
des Projekts C8: "Neurolinguistische Untersuchungen zur Flexions-
und
Derivationsmorphologie"
im
Sonderforschungsbereich "282 Theorie des
Lexikons" an der Universität Düsseldorf
1996 – 1999: wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am ISI der Universität Düsseldorf
19. Dezember 1996: Promotion zum Dr. phil. in Allgemeiner Sprachwissenschaft an der Universität Düsseldorf.
Titel
der Dissertation: "Die
Grammatik des Agrammatismus: Eine linguistische
Untersuchung
zu Wortstellung und Flexion bei Broca-Aphasie"
1995 - 1996: wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Institut für Deutsche Sprache und Literatur der Universität zu Köln
1993 - 1995: wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am ISI der Universität Düsseldorf, i. V. für Prof. Dr. Harald Clahsen
1989 -
1993:
Mitarbeit
als stud. Hilfskraft bzw. als wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin
(1.4.-31.7.1993)
im DFG-Projekt
"LEXLERN" von Harald Clahsen an der Universität Düsseldorf
18. Februar 1993: Magister in Allgemeiner Sprachwissenschaft an der Universität Düsseldorf. Note: mit Auszeichnung
Thema:
"Agrammatismus als
syntaktisches Defizit"
Forschungsprojekte
/ Research Projects
DFG-Projekt:
"C8 Neurolinguistische Untersuchungen zur
Flexions- und Derivationsmorphologie"/ "Neurolinguistic research
in inflectional morphology" im Sonderforschungsbereich
"282 Theorie des Lexikons" an der Universität Düsseldorf
[http://www.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de/sfb282/C8/]
Förderungsdauer:
sechs Jahre
Mitarbeiter:
2 stud. Hilfskräfte, 2 wiss. Mitarbeiterinnen
Human Frontier Science
Projekt:
Mitarbeit im Projekt
"Semantic fields and grammatical class effects in
language use: behavioral and neuroscientific investigation"
(RG0148/2000-B, 2000-2003). Antrag von Dr. Gabriella
Vigliocco et al.
Dauer: 09/2000 – 09/2003.
Mitarbeiter: 2 studentische Hilfskräfte.
DFG-Netzwerk:
Thema:
"CP-
und IP-relatierte Elemente in germanischen Sprachen: Evidenz aus
normaler und
gestörter
Sprache"
Antragsteller:
Dr. Frank Burchert (Institut für Linguistik/
Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft Universität Potsdam)
Mitglieder:
Prof.
Dr. Ria De Bleser (Potsdam), PD Dr.
Martina Penke (Düsseldorf), Prof. Dr. Josef Bayer (Konstanz), Dr.
Ulrike Jansen
(Marburg), Dr. Sonja Kotz (Leipzig), Dr. Andre Meinunger (Berlin), Dr.
Arild
Hestvik (Bergen), Dr. Naama Friedmann (Tel Aviv), Dr. Esterella de Roo
(Leiden/Brüssel)
Royal Society Research Grant:
"TMS investigations of
morphology in Broca's area"
Antragsteller:
Joseph T. Devlin, FMRIB, University of Oxford
Monographien:
Penke, M. (2006): Flexion im mentalen
Lexikon. Max Niemeyer:
Tübingen.
Penke, M. (1998): Die
Grammatik des Agrammatismus: Eine linguistische Untersuchung zu
Wortstellung und Flexion bei Broca-Aphasie. Max Niemeyer:
Tübingen.
Herausgeberschaften:
Penke, M. & A. Rosenbach (2004): What
counts as
evidence in linguistics? – The case of innateness. Sonderband der
Zeitschrift Studies in Language, 28 (2). Benjamins: Amsterdam.
Artikel in Fachzeitschriften und Sammelbänden
Penke, M. (in
Vorbereitung): "Sprachgene? Genetische Befunde und ihre Relevanz
für die
Diskussion um die genetische Fundierung der Sprachfähigkeit".
Penke, M. (in Vorbereitung): "Das
Williams-Syndrom - Dissoziation zwischen Kognition und Sprache".
Penke, M. & G. Westermann (im Druck): "Broca's area and inflectional morphology: evidence from Broca's aphasia and computer modeling". Cortex. [Abstract]
Penke, M.
(im Druck): "The
representation of inflectional morphology in the mental lexicon: an
overview on
psycho- and neurolinguistic methods and results". In: D. Wunderlich
(Hrsg.): Advances in the Theory
of the Lexicon. Mouton de
Gruyter: Berlin.
Penke, M. (im Druck): "Morphology and
language disorder". In: M.J. Ball; M. Perkins, N. Müller & S.
Howard
(Hrsg.): The
Handbook of Clinical Linguistics. Blackwell.
Neuhaus,
E. & M. Penke (im
Druck): "Production and
comprehension of wh-questions in
German Broca’s aphasia". Journal
of Neurolinguistics. [Abstract]
Grijzenhout, J. & M. Penke
(2005): "On the interaction of phonology and morphology in language
acquisition and German and Dutch Broca's aphasia: the case of inflected
verbs". Yearbook of Morphology 2005, 49-81. [Abstract]
Penke, M., Janssen, U., Indefrey, P.
& R. Seitz (2005): "No evidence for a
rule/procedural deficit in German patients with Parkinson’s disease". Brain
and Language, 95, 139-140.
Penke, M. & A. Rosenbach
(2004): "What counts as evidence in linguistics? An
Introduction". In: M. Penke & A. Rosenbach (Hrsg.): What Counts
as
Evidence in Linguistics – the Case of Innateness. Sonderband der Zeitschrift Studies in
Language,
28 (2), 1-70.
Penke, M. & M. Krause (2004):
"Regular and irregular inflectional morphology in German Williams
syndrome". In: S. Niedeggen-Bartke & J. Siegmüller (Hrsg.): Williams
Syndrome across Languages. Benjamins: Amsterdam, 245-270. [Abstract]
Penke, M.; U. Janssen &
S. Eisenbeiss (2004): "Psycholinguistic evidence for the
underspecification of morphosyntactic features". Brain and
Language, 90
(1-3), 423-433. [Abstract]
Penke, M. (2003): "On
the morphological basis of syntactic deficits". Brain and Language,
87,
50-51.
Neuhaus, E. & M. Penke
(2003): "Wh-question production in German Broca's aphasia". Brain
and Language, 87, 59-60.
Weyerts, H.; Penke, M.;
Münte, T.; Heinze, H.-J. & H. Clahsen
(2002): "Word order in sentence processing: An experimental study of
verb
placement in German". Journal of
Psycholinguistic Research, 31(3),
211-268. [Abstract]
Penke, M. & M. Krause
(2002): "German noun plurals – a
challenge to the Dual-Mechanism Model". Brain and Language,
81, 303-311. [Abstract]
Janssen, U. & M. Penke
(2002a): "How are inflectional affixes organized
in the mental lexicon? Evidence from the investigation of agreement
errors in
agrammatic aphasics". Brain and
Language, 81, 180-191. [Abstract]
Janssen, U. & M. Penke
(2002b): "Phonologically conditioned
omissions of inflectional affixes in German Broca's aphasia". Brain and Language, 83, 99-101.
Krause, M. & M. Penke
(2002): "Inflectional morphology in
German Williams syndrome". Brain and
Cognition, 48, 410-412. [Abstract]
Penke, M. (2001):
"Controversies about CP: A comparison of language
acquisition and language impairments in Broca's aphasia". Brain
and Language, 77, 351-363. [Abstract]
Penke, M. (2000): "Unpruned
trees in German Broca's aphasia". Behavioral and Brain
Sciences, 23(1),
46-47. [Abstract]
Janssen, U. & M. Penke
(2000): "The
organization of agreement affixes in the mental lexicon: Evidence from
German
Broca's aphasia". Brain and
Language, 74(3), 507-509.
Penke, M.; Janssen, U. &
M. Krause (1999): "The representation
of inflectional morphology: Evidence from Broca's aphasia". Brain
and Language, 68, 225-232. [Abstract]
Penke, M. & M. Krause
(1999): "Broca's aphasia and German
plural formation". Brain and
Language, 69, 311-313.
Westermann, G.; Willshaw, D.
& M. Penke (1999): "A
constructivist neural network model of German verb inflection in
agrammatic
aphasia". Proceedings of the 9th
International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, 916-921. [Abstract]
Penke, M.; Weyerts, H.;
Gross, M.; Zander, E.; Münte, T. & H.
Clahsen (1997): "How the brain processes complex words: An
event-related
potential study of German verb inflections". Cognitive
Brain Research, 6, 37-52. [Abstract]
Weyerts, H.; Penke, M.;
Dohrn, U.; Clahsen, H. & T. Münte (1997):
"Brain potentials indicate differences between regular and irregular
German plurals". Neuroreport, 8(4),
957-962. [Abstract]
Penke, M.; Trommer, A.;
Weyerts, H.; Münte, T. & H. Clahsen (1996):
"Electrophysiological correlates of German participle formation". In:
H.J. Heinze, T.F. Münte, G.R. Mangun & H. Scheich (Hrsg.): Mapping Cognition in Time and Space.
Birkhäuser: Boston.
Clahsen, H.; Eisenbeiss, S.
& M. Penke (1996): "Underspecification
and lexical learning in early child grammars". In: H. Clahsen & R.
Hawkins (Hrsg.): Generative Approaches to
First and Second Language Acquisition. John Benjamins: Amsterdam,
129-159.
Clahsen, H.; Kursawe, C.
& M. Penke (1996): "Introducing CP: Wh-questions
and subordinate clauses in German child language". In: C. Koster &
F.
Wijnen (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the
Groningen Assembly on Language Acquisition. Center for Language and
Cognition: Groningen, 141-160. [Abstract]
Clahsen, H.; Penke, M. &
T. Parodi (1994): "Functional
categories in early child German". Language
Acquisition, 3 (4), 395-429. [Abstract]
Clahsen, H. & M. Penke
(1992): "The acquisition of agreement
morphology and its syntactic consequences: New evidence on German child
language from the Simone-Corpus". In: J. Meisel (Hrsg.): The
Acquisition of Verb Placement:
Functional Categories and V2 Phenomena in Language Acquisition. Kluwer:
Dordrecht, 181-223.
Penke, M
(1990): Buchbesprechung von K.-B. Günther (Hrsg.):
"Sprachstörungen.
Probleme ihrer Diagnostik bei mentalen Retardierungen,
Entwicklungsdysphasien
und Aphasien". Heidelberg: Edition Schindele, 1988. In: Neurolinguistik,
4(1), 83-85.
Vorträge
und Poster auf
wissenschaftlichen Tagungen / Talks
2006: &
Neuhaus, E.: The left periphery in
Wernicke’s aphasia. "LPIA
Jahrestagung", Venedig.
2006: How
morphological typology affects language
impairments in Broca’s aphasia. "12th International
Morphology
Meeting", Budapest (Ungarn).
2006:
Inflectional
morphology in children and adults. Workshop on “Neurophysiological and
educational aspects of language acquisition” Dortmund.
2005: Psycholinguistic
evidence for the
underspecification of morphosyntactic features. "27. Jahrestagung der DGfS",
Köln.
2005: The phonological
shape of inflected forms in German Williams syndrome. "Xth
International Congress for the Study of Child Language", Berlin.
2005: &
Grijzenhout, J.: The
interaction of phonology and morphology in first language acquisition
and
Broca's aphasia. "Xth International Congress for the Study of
Child
Language", Berlin.
2004: &
Grijzenhout, J.: The interaction of
phonology and morphology in first language acquisition and Broca's
aphasia.
"11th International Morphology Meeting", Wien
(Österreich).
2004: & Westermann, G.: The
Dual-Mechanism
debate. Eingeladener
Vortrag bei "Compositionality, Concepts and Cognition", Düsseldorf.
2003: Flexionsmorphologie
im
Agrammatismus. "3. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für
Aphasieforschung
und –behandlung", Leipzig.
2003: &
Grijzenhout, J.: First language acquisition and Broca's aphasia:
Evidence
for the emergence of the unmarked. "11th Manchester
Phonology
Meeting", Manchester (Großbritannien).
2003: On
the morphological basis of syntactic deficits. "41st Annual Meeting
of
the Academy of Aphasia", Wien (Österreich) (Poster).
2003:
&
Krause, M.: Regular and
irregular inflectional morphology in German Williams
syndrome. "4th
Science of Aphasia Conference", Trieste
(Italien) und "Child Language Seminar", Newcastle
(Großbritannien)
(Poster).
2003: &
Neuhaus, E.: Wh-question production in German Broca's aphasia.
"4th
Science of Aphasia Conference", Trieste (Italien) sowie "41st Annual
Meeting of the Academy of Aphasia", Wien (Österreich) (Poster).
2002: Beeinträchtigung
der
Flexionsmorphologie bei Williams Syndrom. Eingeladener Vortrag auf
der
"2. Interdisziplinäre Fachtagung über
Sprachentwicklungsstörungen (ISES)",
Potsdam.
2002:
Agrammatism
and theoretical morphology – a promising cooperation. Eingeladener
Vortrag auf dem "2nd Workshop: Grammatical Disorders in
Aphasia", Groningen (Niederlande).
2002: On
the
morphological basis of syntactic deficits. Eingeladener Vortrag auf
dem
"Workshop on Representation
and Processing in Agrammatism", Potsdam.
2002: &
Krause, M.: The formation of participles, noun plurals, and noun
compounds
in German Williams syndrome. "Theoretical
and Experimental Linguistics: Euro Conference on the Syntax of Normal
and
Impaired Language", Korinth (Griechenland) (Poster).
2002: &
Janssen, U.: Phonologically conditioned omissions of inflectional
affixes in
German Broca's aphasia. "40th Annual Meeting of the
Academy
of Aphasia", New York (USA) (Poster).
2001: What agrammatism reveals about inflectional
morphology. Eingeladener Vortrag auf der "European Science
Foundation
Conference: The Science of Aphasia", Giens (Frankreich).
2001: &
Janssen, U.; Eisenbeiss, S.: Agreement features in
sentence processing: A
sentence-matching study on subject-verb and noun phrase internal
agreement in
German. "Texas Linguistic Society
Conference: The Role of Agreement in Natural Language", Austin (USA).
2001: &
Janssen, U.; Eisenbeiss, S.: The role of feature
specification in
sentence processing. "14th
CUNY Conference on Human Sentence Processing", Philadelphia (USA)(Poster).
2001: &
Krause, M.: Inflectional morphology in
German Williams syndrome. "22th Annual Symposium on
Research in Child Language Disorders", Madison (USA) sowie "Annual
Meeting of Theoretical and Experimental Neuropsychology (TENNET)",
Montreal (Kanada) sowie "2nd International Conference
on the
Mental Lexicon", Montreal (Kanada)
(Poster).
2001: &
Janssen, U.; Eisenbeiss, S.: A
sentence-matching study on German noun-phrase internal agreement. "The Lexicon in Linguistic Theory", Düsseldorf.
2000: &
Krause, M.: German noun plurals – a
challenge to the Dual-Mechanism Model. "2nd
International
Conference on the Mental Lexicon", Montreal (Kanada).
2000: &
Janssen, U.: The organization of
agreement affixes in the mental lexicon: Evidence from German Broca's
aphasia.
"38th Academy of Aphasia", Montreal (Kanada) sowie "2nd
International Conference on the Mental Lexicon", Montreal (Kanada).
2000: &
Weyerts,
H.; Münte, T.; Heinze, H.-J.; Clahsen, H.:
Processing verb placement in German: Evidence from self-paced reading
and ERPs.
"13th CUNY Conference on Human Sentence Processing", San
Diego (USA) (Poster).
2000: &
Krause, M.: Psycho- and neurolinguistic
studies on German plural morphology. "9th International
Morphology Meeting", Wien (Österreich).
1999: &
Krause, M.: Broca's aphasia and German
plural formation. "37th Academy of Aphasia", Venedig
(Italien).
1999: &
Westermann. G.; Willshaw, D.: A constructivist
neural network model of German verb inflection in agrammatic aphasia.
"9th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks
(ICANN)", Edinburgh (Großbritannien).
1999: Controversies on CP: A comparison of
language acquisition and language impairments in Broca's aphasia.
"Workshop on Language Acquisition and Language Breakdown", Utrecht
(Niederlande).
1999: &
Weyerts, H.; Janssen, U.: Neurolinguistic evidence for dualistic
approaches
to inflection. "17th European Workshop on
Cognitive Neuropsychology: An
interdisciplinary approach", Academia Cusano Brixen (Italien) (Poster).
1998: Der
Erwerb der Verbstellung des Deutschen:
Eine kontrastive Untersuchung zum Erst- und Zweitspracherwerb.
Einladung
zum English-Language-Teacher-Association-Rhine Symposium "Language
2001", Bergisch-Gladbach.
1998: &
Krause, M.; Janssen, U.: The
representation of inflectional morphology: Evidence from German
agrammatism.
"1st International Conference on the Mental Lexicon",
Alberta (Kanada).
1998: &
Clahsen, H.; Eisenbeiss, S.; Sonnenstuhl, I.:
Morphological paradigms in language processing and in aphasia.
"Lexicon in Focus", Wuppertal.
1998: &
Krause, M.; Janssen U.: Towards a
proper analysis of the German plural: Evidence from aphasia.
"Lexicon
in Focus", Wuppertal (Poster).
1998: &
Krause, M.; Janssen U.: How
participles are organized in the mental lexicon: Evidence from
aphasia.
"Lexicon in Focus", Wuppertal (Poster).
1998: Krause,
M.; Janssen, U.: Storage
and computation in German participle formation: Evidence from language
disorders. "Congres on Storage and Computation in Linguistics",
Utrecht (Niederlande) sowie "Architectures and Mechanisms for Language
Processing AMLaP98", Freiburg (Poster).
1997: &
Clahsen, H.; Sonnenstuhl, I.: German
plurals in child language acquisition and adult language comprehension.
"10th CUNY Conference on Human Sentence Processing", Los
Angeles (USA) (Poster).
1997: &
Eisenbeiss, S.: Kasusfilter versus
Checkingtheorie: Evidenz aus dem Erstspracherwerb. "Generative
Grammatik des Südens (GGS)", Wien (Österreich).
1997: &
Weyerts, H.: Brain potentials argue
for different representations of regular and irregular inflectional
morphology;
"3rd European Congress of Psychophysiology", Konstanz (Poster).
1997: Selective
impairments of regular
and irregular inflectional morphology in German agrammatism; "15th
European Workshop on Cognitive Neuropsychology: An interdisciplinary
approach", Academia Cusano Brixen (Italien) (Poster).
1996: &
Eisenbeiss, S.: Children checking
checking theory: A comparison of case-filter and feature-checking
approaches
based on German child language. "WCHTSALT Symposion", Utrecht
(Niederlande).
1996: &
Clahsen, H.; Eisenbeiss, S.: Parsing
German participles. "9th CUNY Conference on Human Sentence
Processing", New York (USA) (Poster).
1996: &
Weyerts, H.: Regular and irregular
morphology: The representation of German participles in the mental
lexicon.
"7th International Morphology Meeting", Wien
(Österreich).
1995: &
Clahsen, H.; Kursawe, C.: Introducing
CP: wh-questions and embedded clauses in German child language. "Groningen Assembly on Language Acquisition
(GALA)", Groningen (Niederlande).
1995: &
Eisenbeiss, S.: Case-filter versus
checking: Some new findings on case development in German child language.
"Groningen Assembly on Language Acquisition (GALA)", Groningen
(Niederlande).
1995: &
Clahsen, H.; Weyerts, H.: The
representation of participles in the mental lexicon: Evidence for the
dual-mechanism model. "Morphology
Workshop", MPI Nijmegen (Niederlande).
1994: &
Clahsen, H.; Eisenbeiss, S.: Connections
between the acquisition of DP and AGRP in early child German. "Boston University Conference on Language
Development", Boston (USA).
1994: &
Clahsen, H.; Eisenbeiss, S.: Underspecified
phrase-structure positions and lexical learning in early child grammars.
Eingeladener Vortrag auf dem "Workshop on Generative Studies of the
Acquisition of Case and Agreement", Essex (Großbritannien) sowie "Great
Britain Child Language
Seminar", Bangor (Großbritannien).
1994: Penke,
M.; Weyerts, H.; Trommer, A.; Münte,
T.; Clahsen, H.: Electrophysiological correlates of German
participle
formation. "Mapping Cognition in Time and Space", Magdeburg
(Poster).
1993: Agrammatismus
als syntaktisches Defizit. "Generative Grammatik des Südens
(GGS)", Köln.
1992: &
Clahsen, H.; Parodi, T.: Frühe IPs: Stufe I beim Erwerb des
Deutschen. "14. Jahrestagung der DGfS", Bremen.
1992: &
Woest, A.: Agrammatismus als Option – eine linguistische Analyse.
"14. Jahrestagung der DGfS",
Bremen.
1991: &
Clahsen, H.: The acquisition of
agreement morphology and its syntactic consequences. "International Conference on Child
Language",
Tübingen.
Vorlesung:
Hauptseminare: (Zielgruppe Studierende im
Hauptstudium)
Thematische
Seminare: (Zielgruppe
Studierende im Grund- und Hauptstudium)
Proseminare: (Zielgruppe
Studierende im
Grundstudium)
"Production and Comprehension of wh-questions in German Broca's aphasia"
Current proposals suggest that agrammatic speakers have severe deficits in producing and understanding wh-questions. Whereas the CP layer is assumed to be pruned such that wh-questions can no longer be produced, for comprehension it has been suggested that the agrammatic deficit leads to a deletion of movement traces in syntactically derived sentences. We present data from three experiments testing the production and comprehension of wh-questions in nine German agrammatic Broca's aphasics. In an elicitation and a repetition task we found that wh-question production is generally not impaired in German agrammatic aphasics, thus indicating that the CP layer can still be projected. The results of a picture pointing task show, however, that deficits in the comprehension of wh-questions are common. A closer analysis reveals a variety of error patterns in our subjects. The additive effects non-canonical word order and costs associated with discourse-linking a referential NP exert on the performance of our subjects in the comprehension task cannot be captured by current syntactic deficit accounts on agrammatism.In a series of articles Ullman (Ullman et al., 1997; Ullman, 2001, 2004) has proposed that regular inflection is critically subserved by Broca's area. A basic tenet of this proposal is the finding that English speaking Broca's aphasics show selective deficits with regular inflection. Here we argue that this assumption is based on a confound between inflectional suffix and regularity that is specific to the English language. We present data from two experimental studies of participle inflection with 13 German and 12 Dutch Broca's aphasics. None of these aphasic speakers are selectively impaired for regular inflection but instead most show selective deficits with irregular inflection. These data suggest that a selective regular deficit is not a characteristic of Broca's aphasia across languages. Moreover, our data suggest that Broca's area is not critically involved in regular inflection. To investigate the nature and localization of the processes underlying inflection we present a connectionist model that accounts for the deficits of the German aphasic speakers. The model suggests that inflection can be subserved by a single mechanism with multiple representations that emerge from experience-dependent brain development. Selective impairment of irregular participle inflection is in the model explained with a global processing deficit to this single mechanism system. In this way the modeling data exemplifies the view that a selective impairment of irregular participles as shown by German and Dutch Broca's aphasics does not presuppose two distinctly localized mechanisms or processes that can be selectively affected by brain damage.
[zurück]This paper investigates the paradigmatic relations between inflected word forms (or their affixes) and the feature specifications of these elements. In two sentence-matching experiments German speakers had to decide whether sentence pairs involving inflected adjectives or determiners were identical or not. In both experiments, there was a delay when an inflected form contained positive feature specifications for grammatical features that did not match the feature specifications of the grammatical context in which it appeared. No delay, however, occurred when an incorrectly inflected form had mismatching negative specifications whereas its positively specified features matched the respective positive features of the context. This result provides evidence for a different status of positively and negatively specified morphosyntactic features. It supports the idea of radical underspecification according to which only positive feature specifications are part of the representations of morphologically complex forms or affixes, whereas negative feature specifications are assigned on the basis of paradigmatic contrasts.
Key Words:
German determiner and adjective inflection, underspecification,
morphosyntactic
features, inflectional paradigm, sentence-matching
"German noun plurals – a challenge to the Dual-Mechanism Model"
Key Words: German, morphology, plural inflection, Dual-Mechanism Model, Broca's aphasia
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Key Words: Broca's aphasia; agrammatism; inflectional affixes; paradigms; inheritance trees
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Key words: Broca's aphasia, agrammatism,
language acquisition, syntax,
phrase structure, CP
Keywords:
Inflectional morphology, Broca's aphasia, agrammatism,
German participles
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Key words: Event-related potential; Language processing; Left anterior negativity; Regular and irregular inflection; Psycholinguistics; Morphology of language
Event-related brain potentials were recorded as 18
German-speaking subjects read sentences that contained as critical
words German nouns in correct
and incorrect plural forms. Two types of plurals were investigated:
regular
-s plural (e.g. Karussell-s `round-abouts') and
irregular -(e)n plurals (Muskel-n `muscles'). We
compared correct regular and irregular plurals with incorrect ones; the
latter had -(e)n on nouns that actually
take -s plurals (*Karussell-en), or -s on
nouns that
require -(e)n (*Muskel-s). ERPs showed different
responses
to regular and irregular plurals: incorrect irregulars (*Muskel-s)
elicited a ramp-shaped left frontotemporal negativity, whereas
incorrect regulars
(*Karussell-en) produced a central phasic negativity with 380ms
maximum.
This dissociation supports the view that regularly inflected words are
processed
differently from irregularly inflected ones.
I.
Acquired
and developmental language disorders
Descrition and theoretical
characterisation of retained and impaired language capacities in
language impaired speakers, especially in the areas of :
a. Inflectional morphology (paradigms, subjekt-verb
agreement, nominal inflection, participles)
b. Syntax (verbplacement and -movement, wh-questions, subordinate clauses,
noun phrases)
c. Morphophonology (interaction of phonology
and morphology)
Focus on:
Broca's aphasia, Morbus Parkinson, Williams syndrome.
Studies on
the acquisition of phonology (rhyme-structure), morphology
(inflectional morphology), syntax (word order in main clauses,
subordinate clauses and wh-questions),
the interaction of inflectional morphology and syntax (syntactic
consequences of the acquisition of inflectional morphology), and on the
interaction of phonology and morphology in monolingual German children
III.
Neurolinguistics
and psycholinguistics
a.
Investigation of the representation of regular and irregular
inflected words
in the mental lexicon, of the structure and organisation of affix
entries in the mental lexicon,
of the interaction of phonology and morphology by
-
Experimental studies of
language deficits in Broca's aphasia, Parkinson, and Williams syndrome
-
ERP
experiments
-
Reaction-time
experiments (lexical decision, sentence-matching)
b. ERP
studies and reaction-time experiments (sentence-matching, self-paced
reading) on German verb placement
c. Research
on the mental representation and cerebral localisation of semantic
features (in cooperation with Peter Indefrey, Donders Center, Nijmegen)
IV. Computer
modeling
Simulation of language acquisition and language disorders in the area of inflectional morphology in artificial constructivist neural network models (in cooperation with Gert Westermann, Oxford Brookes University)